Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
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Department ofBotany

Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield

Mount Maringma, Guyana

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Photos taken by Karen Redden unless otherwise indicated.

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Main Trip

Purburi compound, ready to leave towards Iwokrama Rainforest. Tepui near Mazaruni River, Imbaimadai vicinity. Falls on Karowrieng River. View at Marshalls Falls, Mazaruni River. C. Perry and R. Williams collecting along Bartica - Potaro road.
New Gunn\'s house, upper Essequibo River. Along Mazaruni River. Collecting at Rio Yatua.

Trip 1

C. Perry collecting a specimen of <em>Eperua falcata</em> Aubl. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Compound at Purburi Forest Reserve. C. Perry, H. Benedict, Y. Hawker, T. Lieu-Ken-Pen prior parting to Iwokrama area. Ready to leave from Iwokrama Station towards Siparuni River. Pakatau Falls.
Pakatau Falls. (Left to right) R. Williams, E. Andries \'Mannie', S. Price, J. Bischoff at Siparuni River. Rapids along Siparuni River. <em>Elizabetha coccinea</em> M.R. Schomb. ex Benth. var. <em>oxyphylla </em>(Harms) R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1117. <em>Eperua schomburgkiana</em> Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1142.
<em>Paloue riparia</em> Pulle (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1161a. <em>Paloue riparia</em> Pulle (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1161a. Orchidaceae, Redden 1165. Burro-Burro River. Stop along Burro-Burro River.
Siparuni River with Turtle Mountain on the background. View from top of Turtle Mountain. <em>Elizabetha durissima</em> Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1171. View along Burro-Burro River. View from top of Turtle Mountain.
(Left to right) S. Price, R. Williams, C. Perry at top of Turtle Mountain.

Trip 2

Detail of a flower, <em>Dicymbe</em> sp., Redden 1215. <em>Eperua falcata </em>Aubl. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1238. Compton Mendonca\'s mining camp. Compton Mendonca\'s mining camp. C. Perry panning for gold.
R. Williams, C. Perry and E. Forbes at Partang River Base Camp. C. Perry collecting with pruning poles. R. Williams, K. Redden and C. Perry. Photo by: E. Forbes. Tepuis surrounding Imbaimadai area from airstrip. <em>Jacqueshuberia brevipes</em> Barneby (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 1240.
Collection Redden 1244, specimen indetermined. Collection Redden 1244, specimen indetermined. <em>Calliandra pakaraimensis</em> R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae), Redden 1235. <em>Prosthechea crassilabia</em> (Poepp. & Endl.) Carnevali & I. Ramírez (Orchidaceae), Redden 1304. R. Williams with a specimen of <em>Pentaclethra macroloba</em> (Willd.) Kuntze (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae), Redden 1413.
Mazaruni River. Mazaruni River. Processing specimens at Base Camp, Mazaruni River. View of tepui from Mazaruni River. At base of the tepui.
View from top of tepui. Specimen of <em>Clusia</em> sp., Redden 1371. View of tepui from base. Waterfall at tepui wall. View from top of tepui.
View from top of tepui.

Trip 3

Mazaruni River, from plane. Parakaima Mountains, from plane. Parakaima Mountains, from plane. Parakaima Mountains, from plane. Imbaimadai savanna, from plane.
<em>Tylopsacas cuneatum</em> (Gleason) Leeuwenb. (Gesneriaceae), Redden 1460. Above Maipuri Falls, Karowrieng River. Base Camp 2, Karowrieng River. R. Williams and C. Perry processing plants. C. Perry and R. Williams at the amazing Rock Paintings, near Karowrieng River.
Building Base Camp 6, Mazaruni River. View from near Base Camp 6. Passifloraceae, Redden 1716. Tepui along Mazaruni River. Collecting plants with the pruning poles.
M. Lyle climbing a tree to collect specimens. Tepui along Mazaruni River. ABC Falls, Mazaruni River. Along Mazaruni River, R. Williams. C. Perry, with a Tepui on the background Mazaruni River.
Tepui along Mazaruni River, R. Williams. View of Parakaimas across Imabaimadai Savannas. C. Perry and C. Paul, on boat, Mazaruni River. R. Williams at ABC Falls.

Trip 4

Marshall Falls, Mazaruni River. Bartica downtown. Collecting gear. View of Essequibo River, near Bartica. Marshall Falls.
Marshall Falls. <em>Elizabetha coccinea</em> M.R. Schomb. ex Benth. var. <em>oxyphylla</em> (Harms) R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 2100. Prison facilities, Mazaruni River. R. Williams and K. Redden.

Trip 5

A specimen of <em>Dicymbe</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 2201. A specimen of <em>Dicymbe</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 2201 <em>Macrolobium huberianum</em> Ducke var. <em>huberianum</em> (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 2197. <em>Paradrymonia maculata</em> (Hook. f.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae), Redden 2231. <em>Besleria saxicola</em> C.V. Morton (Gesneriaceae), Redden 2233.
<em>Monstera adansonii</em> Schott (Araceae), Redden 2269 A specimen of <em>Dicymbe</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 2280. C. Perry pressing plants. R. Williams collecting plants. View at Karupakari crossing.

Trip 6

Kurupukari crossing, Essequibo River, way to Karasabai Village. Landscape surrounding Karasabai. Habitat of <em>E. coccinea</em>, Ireng River. <em>Bauhinia ungulata </em>L. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3014. <em>Elizabetha coccinea</em> M.R. Schomb. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3031.
<em>Elizabetha coccinea</em> M.R. Schomb. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), growth form. <em>Cassia moschata</em> Kunth (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3007. Brick houses at Karasabai Village. Ireng River looking to Brazil. <em>Peltogyne</em> sp.
<em>Pithcellobium</em> sp. T. Thomas and R. Williams collecting plants. Branding horses at Dadanawa Ranch. Rupununi savanna. <em>Paloue induta</em> Sandwith (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3099.
Parabara Village. <em>Elizabetha grahamiae</em> R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3090. K. Redden examining a specimen, Parabara Village. Photo by: R. Williams. House where the expedition team stayed, Parabara Village. K. Redden and C. Perry on Jeep ready to departure, Parabara landing. Photo by: R. Williams.
K. Redden, Kuyuwini River, near Parabara Village. Photo by: R. Williams. Along Kuyuwini River. <em>Elizabetha grahamiae</em> R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3104. Portaging the boat over a fallen tree, Kuyuwini River. House at Gunn\'s area, Essequibo River.
<em>Eperua rubiginosa</em> Miq. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3156. Detail of fruit of <em>Swartzia panacoco</em> (Aubl.) R.S. Cowan var. <em>panacoco</em> (Leguminosae-Faboideae), Redden 3162. C. Perry processing plants on the boat, Sipu River. Forest on the bank of Essequibo river, near Base Camp 9. Base camp 5, Essequibo River.
Sloth on riverbank tree, Sipu river.

Trip 7

R. Williams holding a specimen of <em>Dimorphandra davisii</em> Sprague & Sandwith (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3202. <em>Heterostemon mazarunensis</em> Sandwith (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) was collected in this expedition, Redden 3203. <em>Paloue riparia</em> Pulle (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3208. A specimen of <em>Passiflora</em> sp. (Passifloraceae), Redden 3318. L. Williams climbing a tree to collect.
<em>Tachigali pubiflora</em> Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3206. E. Boodram and R. Williams, Mazaruni River. E. Boodram diving at Kamakusa Creek, trying to recover two sections of the pruning poles that fell overboard. Base Camp, above Issano. <em>Bauhinia kunthiana </em>Vogel (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3255.
<em>Bauhinia scala-simiaea</em> Sandwith (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3223. E. Boodram (left) and L. Williams collecting on the riverside, Mazaruni River. <em>Eperua schomburgkiana</em> Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3258. Portage of the boat at the Rails, Mazaruni River. Lloyd Williams, Romeo Williams and E. Boodram, passing the boat along rapids.
Unnamed Falls, Mazaruni River. <em>Eperua falcata</em> Aubl. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3270. <em>Eperua jenmanii</em> Oliv. ssp. <em>jenmanii<em> (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3278. <em>Cassia cowanii</em> H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. <em>guianensis </em>(Sandwith) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3277. <em>Tachigali guianensis</em> (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3279.
<em>Peltogyne paniculata</em> Benth. ssp. <em>pubescens </em>(Benth.) M.F. Silva (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3285 <em>Parkia pendula</em> (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae), Redden 3295. <em>Dioclea</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Faboideae), Redden 3296. <em>Paloue riparia</em> Pulle (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3305. <em>Macrolobium multijugum</em> (DC.) Benth. var. <em>multijugum</em> (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3306.
<em>Paloue riparia</em> Pulle (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3314. Kamakusa Base Camp.

Trip 8

Puerto Ayacucho airport. Aerial view flying towards San Carlos de Rio Negro. W. Diaz (left) and R. Williams, San Carlos de Rio Negro airport. Preparing the bongo prior to departure up Rio Casiquiare towards Base Camp 1. <em>Microgramma megalophylla</em> (Desv.) de la Sota (Polypodiaceae), Redden 3328.
<em>Eschweilera tenuifolia</em> (O. Berg) Miers (Lecythidaceae), Redden 3331. <em>Parkia discolor</em> Spruce ex. Benth (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae), Redden 3339. Romeo Williams sorting collected specimens along Rio Pasimoni. <em>Heterostemon mimosoides</em> Desf. var. <em>pacimoniensis</em>R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3343. View of Rio Pasimoni.
<em>Swartzia sprucei</em> Benth. (Leguminosae-Faboideae), Redden 3348. <em>Swartzia sericea</em> Vogel (Leguminosae-Faboideae), Redden 3347. Base Camp 4 structure, Rio Yatua. <em>Heliconia acuminata</em> Rich. (Heliconiaceae), Redden 3458. W. Diaz, D. Garcia and R. Williams sorting and pressing plants at Base Camp 5, Rio Yatua.
Romeo Williams holds a specimen of <em>Elizabetha princeps</em> M.R. Schomb. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3536. <em>Heliconia psittacorum</em> L. f. (Heliconiaceae), Redden 3496. Anaconda, Rio Yatua. <em>Heterostemon ellipticus</em> Mart. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3600. Detail of fruit of <em>Heterostemon ellipticus</em> Mart. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3600.
<em>Gustavia pulchra</em> Miers (Lecythidaceae), Redden 3658. <em>Macrolobium longipes</em> R.S. Cowan (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3679. <em>Elizabetha macrostachya</em> Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 3714. Expedition team, San Carlos de Rio Negro (left-right; up-down): Oscar Leon (\'el Tigre\'), Romeo Williams, Octavio Santaella (\'Colorado\'), David Garcia, Wilmar Diaz (\'el Gallo\'), Rogelio Lopez, Karen Redden, Alejandro Sandoval. Photo by: Border Guard Octavio Santaella (\'Colorado\'), Rio Yatua.
Orchidaceae. Orchidaceae. Karen Redden ready to collect plants. Photo by: R. Williams

Trip 9

Unloading the expedition gear, Kaieteur National Park airstrip. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. K. Wurdack on a Kaieteur trail, specimens of <em>Brochinnia micrantha</em> (Baker) Mez (Bromeliaceae), a giant bromeliad on trail side. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. K. Redden, C. Perry, K. Glennon and E. Liverpool (left to right) sitting on Potaro River bank. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Kaieteur Falls, view at top. Photo by: K. Wurdack. K. Wurdack on edge of Potaro River Gorge.
K. Glennon, C. Perry, E. Liverpool and K. Redden (left to right) processing specimens. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. A specimen of Bignoniaceae, K.M. Redden 3859. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. <em>Vriesea splendens</em> (Brongn.) Lem. var. <em>splendens</em> B.K. Holst, II 2008; !E.J. Gouda, V 2008 (Bromeliaceae), K.M. Redden 3876. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Expedition team processing specimens collected. Photo by: K. Wurdack <em>Voyria aphylla</em> (Jacq.) Pers. (Gentianaceae), K.M. Redden 3871. Photo by: K. Wurdack.
K. Glennon and E. Liverpool (left to right) processing specimens. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Giant river otter, <em>Pteronura brasiliensis</em>. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. K. Wurdack examining a specimen of <em>Metaxya</em> cf. <em>rostrata</em> (Kunth) C. Presl (Metaxyaceae). Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Base camp, Waratuk Falls. Photo by: K. Wurdack. A specimen of <em>Paloue</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), K.M. Redden 4027. Photo by: C. Hinchliff.
K. Redden holding a specimen of <em>Paloue</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), K.M. Redden 4027. Photo by: K. Wurdack. Detail of the flower of <em>Paloue</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), K.M. Redden 4027. Photo by: K. Wurdack. Potaro River, near Amatuk Falls. Photo by: K. Wurdack. Amatuk Falls. Photo by: K. Wurdack. <em>Heterostemon otophorus</em> Sandwith (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), K.M. Redden 4039. Photo by: K. Wurdack.
A specimen of <em>Heliconia</em> sp. (Heliconiaceae), K.M. Redden 4149. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. View of Eagle Mountain from Amatuk camp. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. E. Liverpool climbing a tree, Eagle Mountain to Mahdia road. Photo by: K. Wurdack. <em>Passiflora glandulosa</em> Cav. (Passifloraceae), K.M. Redden 4136. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. <em>Petrea</em> cf. <em>macryostachya</em> Benth. (Verbenaceae), K.M. Redden 4197. Photo by: C. Hinchliff.
A specimen of <em>Heliconia</em> sp. (Heliconiaceae), K.M. Redden 4210. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. <em>Passiflora foetida</em> L. var. <em>hispida</em> (DC.) Killip ex Gleason (Passifloraceae), K.M. Redden 4269. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. The expedition minibus stuck on a flooded area, Mahdia road. Photo by: K. Wurdack. White-throated Toucan, <em>Ramphastos tucanus</em>

Trip 11

Unnamed falls along Mazaruni River. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. View of Mazaruni River at sunset. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. A specimen of the aquatic Podostemaceae (not collected). Photo by: K. Wurdack Paddling along Issenaru Creek, C. Perry, P. Benjamin, C. Wilkie and K. Wurdack (left to right). Photo by: C. Hinchliff. A specimen of Heliconiaceae, not yet determined, Redden 4325. Photo by: C. Hinchliff.
C. Perry and K. Redden preserving specimens, Issenaru Village. Photo by: K. Wurdack. C. Perry climbing a tree. Photo by: K. Wurdack A specimen of Heliconiaceae, not yet determined, Redden 4420. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. <em>Nautilocalyx pictus</em> (Hook.) Sprague (Gesneriaceae), Redden 4451. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. D. Singh holding collected specimens: Redden 4419, an undetermined Costaceae (right hand), and Redden 4451, Nautilocalyx pictus (Hook.) Sprague (Gesneriaceae). Photo by: K. Wurdack.
Paddling on the Mazaruni River: C. Wilkie, C. Perry, D. Singh, K. Redden, and P. Benjamin. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Mining dredge at Mazaruni River. Photo by: K. Wurdack. River bank, Mazaruni. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. <em>Aganisia pulchella</em> Lindl. (Orchidaceae), Redden 4552. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. <em>Eperua jenmanii</em> Oliv. ssp. <em>jenmanii</em> (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 4550.
Mazaruni River. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Podostemaceae growing on Mazaruni River. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Mazaruni River from air, Olive Mining camp on the left. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Peaima Falls. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. P. Benjamin, C. Wilkie and C. Hinchliff (left to right) prepared to collect on the Mazaruni\' s bank. Photo by: C. Hinchliff.
<em>Elizabetha fanshawii</em> R.S. Cowan ( Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Redden 4681. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. A specimen of Clusiaceae, Redden 4694. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. Wakawakapu Falls. Photo by: C. Hinchliff. A specimen of Apocynaceae, Redden 4578. Photo by: C. Hinchliff.

Trip 12

Rocky bank on Essequibo River, where base camp I was established. Specimen of <em>Combretum</em> sp. (Combretaceae), Redden 5084. Processing specimens, base camp I. <em>Norantea guianensis</em> Aubl. (Marcgraviaceae), Redden 5121. Apoteri Village council meeting, making arrangements for the expedition.
Eastern Kanuku Mountains, viewed from Essequibo River. Base camp I, Essequibo River. <em>Petrea macrostachya</em> Benth.( Verbenaceae), Redden 5221. <em>Parkia ulei</em> (Harms) Kuhlm. var. <em>surinamensis</em> Kleinhoonte (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae,), K.M. Redden 5227. <em>Catostemma fragrans</em> Benth. (Bombacaceae), Redden 5277.
A specimen of Rubiaceae, indetermined, Redden 5288. K. Redden (left) taking notes, E. Joseph, H. Simon and C. Perry (left to right), Essequibo River. View of the Essequibo River. <em>Solanum pensile</em> Sendtn. (Solanaceae), Redden 5301. A specimen of Lecythidaceae, K.M. Redden 5304.
Rapids along Essequibo River. <em>Ormosia</em> sp. (Leguminosae-Faboideae), Redden 5315. <em>Cymbopetalum brasiliense</em> (Vell.) Benth. ex Baill. (Annonaceae), Redden 5320. <em>Heliconia pendula</em> Wawra (Heliconiaceae), Redden 5322. Specimen of Sterculiaceae, Redden 5344.
Specimen of Arecaceae, Redden 5345 Expedition team: (left to right, back) K. Redden.; E. Alexander; (middle) D. Singh; C. Perry; N. John; H. Simon; (front) E. Joseph, H. \'Broads\' James.

Trip 13

C. Perry processing specimens, Warashema camp. View from top of Warashema Mountain range. Daniel Watusi mining camp, used as expedition base camp. C. Perry and K. Redden, Meamu Creek. Photo by: P. Benjamin. Meamu Falls.
K. Redden examining a specimen, Meamu Creek. Photo by: C. Perry. Expedition team: (left to right, top) D. Singh; C. Perry; K. Redden; (bottom) V. de Camp; P. Benjamin; R. Cozier.

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